soldering, including Pb-Free, however Pb-free wave soldering
does offer unique challenges:
· The increase in the temperature required for soldering Pb-
free alloys may require a change in flux chemistry.
· Equipment upgrades (solder pot compatible with Pb-free
solders) may be required
· Process optimization for implementing Pb-free is likely necessary.
Flux Chemistry
The popular no-clean flux chemistry may be stressed when addressing
the needs of Pb-free wave soldering. Increased preheat temperatures,
slower conveyor speeds, longer dwell time in the solder, higher
solder temperatures, and slower wetting rates may require the use
of a wave flux chemistry designed for Pb-free.
Some considerations are:
· Evaluation of higher solids no-clean formulations may be required.
· Slower wetting rates of Pb-free alloys may require an alternative
wave flux.
· Evaluation of water-soluble flux chemistries may be required to
resolve soldering and cleaning issues.
Solder Alloy
High tin alloys (containing elements other than lead) require elevated
processing
temperatures. Sn/Ag/Cu (SAC) alloys offer a viable alternative for
Pb-free wave soldering. Sn/Cu alloys can also be used for products
with a short service life. You should fully evaluate any new soldering
processes before implementation.
Some considerations are:
· Solder temperatures for Pb-free wave soldering is typically 260-275ºC
(500-527ºF).
· The higher soldering temperatures of Pb-free alloys could damage components, warp the boards or stress
solder mask and board finish.
· Tin pest can form in Sn/Cu alloys.
Equipment Upgrades
The solder pot, solder pump, and other internal components that come
into contact with the solder must be compatible with Pb-free alloys.
Pb-free alloys can quickly dissolve stainless steel solder pots.
It is important to remember that solder pots that are used for Sn/Pb
should not be used for Pb-free assembly without a tin wash process.